> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.initia.xyz/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Messages

Message is a data structure that represents an action to be executed on the
blockchain.

It is a part of the transaction, which is a collection of messages that are
executed atomically.

This guide will show you how to create a message object for different types of
actions.

## VM-Agnostic Messages

VM-agnostic messages are messages that can be used across all VMs.

* `MsgSend()`: send coins to other address

```typescript theme={null}
const msg = new MsgSend(
  'init1kdwzpz3wzvpdj90gtga4fw5zm9tk4cyrgnjauu', // sender address
  'init18sj3x80fdjc6gzfvwl7lf8sxcvuvqjpvcmp6np', // recipient address
  '1000uinit', // send amount
)
```

* `MsgDelegate()`: delegate governance coin to validators (staking)

```typescript theme={null}
const msg = new MsgDelegate(
  'init1kdwzpz3wzvpdj90gtga4fw5zm9tk4cyrgnjauu', // delegator address
  'initvaloper14qekdkj2nmmwea4ufg9n002a3pud23y8l3ep5z', // validator's operator address
  '100000uinit', // delegate amount
)
```

## VM-Specific Messages

#### MoveVM

* `MsgExecute()`: execute move contract entry functions

```typescript theme={null}
const msg = new MsgExecute(
  'init1kdwzpz3wzvpdj90gtga4fw5zm9tk4cyrgnjauu', // sender address
  '0x1', // module owner address
  'dex', // module name
  'swap_script', // function name
  [], // type arguments
  [
    bcs.address().serialize('0x2').toBase64(), // arguments, BCS-encoded
    bcs.address().serialize('0x3').toBase64(), // arguments, BCS-encoded
    bcs.u64().serialize(10000).toBase64(), // arguments, BCS-encoded
  ],
)
```

#### WasmVM

* `MsgStoreCode()`: store wasm contract code

```typescript theme={null}
const wasmByteCode = fs
  .readFileSync('./wasm-modules/miniwasm/example.wasm') // path of wasm file
  .toString('base64')

const msg = new MsgStoreCode(
  'init1kdwzpz3wzvpdj90gtga4fw5zm9tk4cyrgnjauu', // sender address
  wasmByteCode, // raw or gzip compressed wasm bytecode
  undefined, // instantiate permission (optional)
)
```

* `MsgInstantiateContract()`: instantiate wasm contract

```typescript theme={null}
const instantiateMsg = Buffer.from(
  JSON.stringify({
    init_list: ['init1kdwzpz3wzvpdj90gtga4fw5zm9tk4cyrgnjauu'],
  }),
).toString('base64')

const msg = new MsgInstantiateContract(
  'init1kdwzpz3wzvpdj90gtga4fw5zm9tk4cyrgnjauu', // sender address
  'init1kdwzpz3wzvpdj90gtga4fw5zm9tk4cyrgnjauu', // admin address
  9, // code id
  'example', // label
  instantiateMsg, // instantiate msg
  new Coins(), // init funds
)
```

* `MsgExecuteContract()`: execute wasm contract functions

```typescript theme={null}
const jsonEncodedMsg = Buffer.from(
  JSON.stringify({
    prepare_point: {
      stage: 1,
    },
  }),
).toString('base64')

const msg = new MsgExecuteContract(
  'init1kdwzpz3wzvpdj90gtga4fw5zm9tk4cyrgnjauu', // sender address
  'init1jue5rlc9dkurt3etr57duutqu7prchqrk2mes2227m52kkrual3qdrydg6', // contract address
  jsonEncodedMsg, // json encoded input msg
  new Coins(), // coins transferred to the contract on execution
)
```

#### EVM

* `MsgCreate()`: create EVM contract code

```typescript theme={null}
const contractInfo = JSON.parse(
  fs
    .readFileSync(
      '../solidity/evm-example/artifacts/contracts/example.sol/example.json', // path of build response
    )
    .toString(),
)

const msg = new MsgCreate(
  'init1kdwzpz3wzvpdj90gtga4fw5zm9tk4cyrgnjauu', // sender address
  contractInfo.bytecode.slice(2), // hex encoded raw contract bytes code
)
```

* `MsgCall()`: execute EVM contract functions

```typescript theme={null}
const contractAddress = '0x1kdwzpz3wzvpdj90gtga4fw5zm9tk4cyrgnjauu'
const contractInfo = JSON.parse(
  fs
    .readFileSync(
      '../solidity/evm-example/artifacts/contracts/example.sol/example.json', // path of build response
    )
    .toString(),
)
const contract = new ethers.Contract(contractAddress, contractInfo.abi)

const msg = new MsgCall(
  'init1kdwzpz3wzvpdj90gtga4fw5zm9tk4cyrgnjauu', // sender address
  contractAddress, // contract address
  contract.interface.encodeFunctionData('preparePoint', [2]).slice(2), // hex encoded execution input bytes
)
```